Scene modes are simply presets designed to optimize the camera settings for different types of photography.
Landscape mode is designed to give you the most depth of field, or range of focus, which is typically what you want when shooting landscape-type images with everything from near to far in focus.
Sport mode is optimized for fast shutter speed, sacrificing depth of field in order to freeze action. Because of this, focusing on your subject is critical in order to have the proper focus point.
Portrait mode uses a shallow depth of field to keep the background areas out of focus when photographing people. This helps isolate the subject from the background.
Macro mode maximizes depth of field at the expense of shutter speed. Because of the close distances used for macro photography, depth of field is always a problem, so this setting usually chooses an aperture of f/16 or smaller if available.
Backlight mode forces the use of the built-in flash to compensate for heavy shadows and lighting conditions that would result in your subject being underexposed.
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